Fig. 3
From: Histone deacetylases regulate organ-specific growth in a horned beetle
HDACRNAi effects on thoracic and head horn formation. A–C The pronotum in buffer-injected (A), HDAC3RNAi (B), and HDAC1RNAi (C) individuals. Inset in C shows the prothoracic horn. The furrow between paired horn vestiges is indicated by red arrowheads. D and E Representative head horn of negative control (D) and HDAC3RNAi (E) individuals, respectively. The right head horn is colored magenta. F–K The morphology of the adult pronotum in front view (F and G), front view of head horns (H and I), as well as head horn viewed from lateral (J and K) in negative control (third row) individuals and following HDAC RNAi (bottom row), respectively. L Changes in thoracic and head horns resulting from HDAC3RNAi and HDAC4RNAi. Reduction in head horn length during the transition from pupa to adult is increased by HDAC3RNAi compared to buffer-injections (measured as the difference between pupal head horn length and adult head horn length in the same individual). RNAi phenotypes and their corresponding negative controls are shown at the same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm